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To use a device (hardware), we need to declare its driver. The declarationinstructs the Linux kernel about the driver usages. In the Linux driver model,drivers are grouped into device drivers, bus drivers and user space drivers. Useterror semantics, if you want to use a driver it has to be properly registered in thedriver list

Once the driver is declared, the kernel can load the module for the device. Thekernel loads a module by linking the address mapped to the module into its dependentmodule list. When the module is loaded, the kernel aliases the device fileof the driver with its node in the /dev directory. Thus the kernel allows toaccess the device through the device file, the driver and the /dev directory.There are two ways to access the device:

Firstly, we can use one of the kernel facilities at the level of devicefiles. Examples of these include /dev/hda, /dev/ttyS0, /dev/blk0.These are pseudo-device files, since the kernel can not physically map thecontents of the pseudo-device files to device nodes. The kernel can howeverretrieve data from a pseudo-device file through a kernel interface. Concretely, the kernel applies a file closedirectory operation to the device file, and the actual device node points to thedevice memory area returned by the operation.

The second method to access the device is through the abstractions of thefile system. Usually, a device driver provides a device-specifics interface, whichgenericizes the driver calls for all devices into one method. Examples ofconnections between devices, file systems and drivers include

character device driver - the device driver providesthe /dev/dev-desc interface, which gives access to the device. Heredev-desc is the device description file. For example, /dev/ttyS0 and/dev/fs0

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