Technical Basis Of Radiation Therapy: Practical...
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Current state-of-the-art clinical RT machines based on x-rays can deliver highly conformal doses with image guidance to general large-volume deep-seated cancer targets, but are orders of magnitude too slow to deliver UHDR-RT owing in large part to the inefficiency of bremsstrahlung x-ray production and inherently slow mechanical systems for gantry rotation and intensity modulation. Major technical hurdles must therefore be overcome to deliver conformal photon FLASH-RT. Researchers at Stanford and the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory discovered novel particle accelerator principles, originally conceived to overcome breakdown in ultrahigh gradient (>100 MeV/m) accelerator structures, which also greatly increase the radio-frequency (RF) power efficiency. This, combined with novel strategies to eliminate slow mechanical components, forms the basis of pluridirectional high-energy agile scanning electronic radiotherapy (PHASER).32
General presentation of malignant conditions, their etiology and methods of treatment; specific radiation treatment methodology including technical parameters of field size and direction, dosage, blocking, and patient positioning.
Radiation therapy technology is a health care discipline which utilizes ionizing radiation for the treatment of malignant diseases. This field requires a basic understanding of and interest in science, especially mathematics and physics, as well as emotional maturity and a desire to assist in the management of patient care. A radiation therapist has the unique opportunity to blend knowledge and skills of mathematics, medical science, and psychology in his or her everyday work. The therapist comes to know patients over a period of several months and becomes an important presence in their health care, a continued contact that is the source of much satisfaction and professional pride. The Bachelor of Science Degree program in Radiation Therapy Technology at Wayne State University is designed to prepare students for the technical, theoretical and psychological aspects of this career.
Radiation therapists are typically employed in hospitals, clinics, educational institutions, and commercial equipment corporations as staff therapists, clinical supervisors, administrators, educators, and technical marketing personnel. A radiation therapist is able to:
The concept of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) was conceived over 100 years ago, first in the form of GRID, which has been applied to clinical practice since its early inception and continued to the present even with markedly improved instrumentation in radiation therapy. LATTICE radiation therapy (LRT) was introduced in 2010 as a conceptual 3D extension of GRID therapy with several uniquely different features. Since 2014, when the first patient was treated, over 150 patients with bulky tumors worldwide have received LRT. Through a brief review of the basic principles and the analysis of the collective clinical experience, a set of technical recommendations and guidelines are proposed for the clinical implementation of LRT. It is to be recognized that the current clinical practice of SFRT (GRID or LRT) is still largely based on the heuristic principles. With advancements in basic biological research and the anticipated clinical trials to systemically assess the efficacy and risk, progressively robust optimizations of the technical parameters are essential for the broader application of SFRT in clinical practice.
People are exposed to natural radiation sources as well as human-made sources on a daily basis. Natural radiation comes from many sources including more than 60 naturally-occurring radioactive materials found in soil, water and air. Radon, a naturally-occurring gas, emanates from rock and soil and is the main source of natural radiation. Every day, people inhale and ingest radionuclides from air, food and water.
The Radiation Therapy* program utilizes didactic, laboratory and clinical education to prepare students to work as Radiation Therapists in cancer treatment centers and hospitals. Radiation Therapists work under the direction of a radiation oncologist to treat patients with malignant diseases using ionizing radiation. Radiation therapists practice appropriate patient care, apply problem-solving and critical thinking skills, administer treatment protocols and maintain patient records. The program uses a combination of technical and general education courses to emphasize decision-making and critical thinking skills based upon a solid clinical foundation. Students will spend two semesters in a radiation therapy facility completing their clinical experience. This requires students to relocate at their own expense to the community where the assigned facility is located. Students will also complete online courses during their clinical semesters.
RADIATION THERAPY PROGRAM MISSION STATEMENTThe mission of Mitchell Technical College is to provide skills for success in technical careers. It is the mission of the Mitchell Tech Radiation Therapy program to develop and educate competent, compassionate, and professional entry-level radiation therapists through a strong commitment to didactic, clinical and professional education.
Mission: The mission of the Radiation Therapy Program at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse is to educate and train radiation therapists who are knowledgeable, technically competent and dedicated to their profession and patients. Accomplished by meeting the educational and personal needs of a growing and diverse population, the program will emphasize excellence in education by offering a broad based curriculum in science, liberal studies, professional courses and clinical internship. This program additionally seeks to promote research and provide a base for further professional development of graduates.
The major in radiation therapy provides students with an educational foundation in the sciences and humanities as well as clinical experience in a radiation therapy department. The curriculum requires a minimum of six semesters on campus in pre-professional and professional core courses prior to the senior clinical internship. The clinical internship begins in July of the senior year, extends for 13 months, and is spent at an affiliated hospital clinical internship site. Admission to the major is on a competitive basis. Upon acceptance, students may register for the professional core courses. Students who successfully meet program requirements will interview with the clinical sites during their junior year and upon selection by one of the sites will be placed for the senior clinical internship. All requirements for general education and the major must be met prior to graduation.
The mission of the Radiation Therapy Program at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse is to educate and train radiation therapists who are knowledgeable, technically competent and dedicated to their profession and their patients, meeting the educational and personal needs of its students by emphasizing excellence in education and offering a broad based curriculum in liberal studies, professional courses and clinical internship. This program additionally seeks to promote research and provide a base for further professional development of graduates.
The Radiation Therapy associate degree program enables graduates to work as radiation therapists. Radiation therapy uses high energy X-rays to treat diseases, primarily cancer. Using highly specialized computerized equipment, the radiation is targeted to abnormal cells while minimizing the side effects. The Radiation Therapist is a vital member of the health care team in the Radiation Oncology Department. This individual is responsible for administering, monitoring, and documenting the prescribed course of treatment from the radiation oncologist. The Radiation Therapist is involved in assessing the physical and emotional needs of the patients and making the appropriate referrals. This unique profession combines technical and interpersonal skills and offers many career possibilities available to trained radiation therapists, including management, dosimetry, education, applications specialist, sales, and technology-related fields.
A Medical Physicist assures the safe and effective use of radiation in medicine. A Medical Physicist oversees the scientific and technical requirements of a radiation oncology department including equipment performance evaluation and quality and safety of radiation operations. At Cleveland Clinic our Medical Physicists are either Qualified Medical Physicists (QMP) or board eligible medical physicists. All Medical Physicists hold a master or doctorate degree in physics, medical physics, engineering, or applied mathematics. The QMP physicists are certified by the American Board of Radiology, American Board of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology Physics, or the Canadian College of Medical Physics. Board eligible Medical Physicists are in the process of obtaining their board certification and have completed two years of a medical physics residency.
The one-year Radiation Therapy Program at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota provides one of the most comprehensive educational programs for the future workforce of radiation therapists. It is for passionate radiologic technologists who want to advance their careers in radiation oncology. Radiation therapists work with cancer patients on a continual basis, administering treatment and providing care.
Because of this incompatibility, the mere existence of helical CT-imaging in documents D2 and D3 would not incite a skilled person to adopt helical arrangements in the therapy apparatus according to document D1. The teaching of D1 was in fact about converting a CT-scanner to a device which allowed for simultaneous imaging and therapeutic treatment and was based on selecting by masking a narrow beam for treatment from a wide imaging beam. Due to the different widths of the imaging beam and the therapeutic beam, it was impossible to advance both beams simultaneously in a helical movement and to obtain at the same time a smooth coverage of the irradiated object by both beams. Therefore, an apparatus resulting from a combination of the teaching of D1 with that of any one of documents D2 or D3 would not work without further modifications, not envisaged by any of the prior art documents. Furthermore, none of the available prior art documents was concerned with the problem underlying the present patent, i.e. of avoiding gaps or hot spots inherent in radiation therapy on a slice-by-slice basis. 59ce067264